Objectives: To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 201 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were hospitalized and diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Quanzhou First Hospital from March 14 to April 7, 2022. Among the 201 children, there were 34 children with asymptomatic infection and 167 with symptomatic infection. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, results of experimental examinations, and outcome.
Results: Of all the 201 children, 161 (80.1%) had a history of exposure to COVID-19 patients and 132 (65.7%) had a history of COVID-19 vaccination. Among the 167 children with symptomatic infections, 151 had mild COVID-19 and 16 had common COVID-19, with no severe infection or death. Among the 101 children who underwent chest CT examination, 16 had ground glass changes and 20 had nodular or linear opacities. The mean time to nucleic acid clearance was (14±4) days for the 201 children with Omicron variant infection, and the symptomatic infection group had a significantly longer time than the asymptomatic infection group [(15±4) days vs (11±4) days, P<0.05]. The group vaccinated with one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccine had a significantly higher positive rate of IgG than the group without vaccination (P<0.05). The proportions of children with increased blood lymphocyte count in the symptomatic infection group was significantly lower than that in the asymptomatic infection group (P<0.05). Compared with the asymptomatic infection group, the symptomatic infection group had significantly higher proportions of children with increased interleukin-6, increased fibrinogen, and increased D-dimer (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Most of the children with Omicron variant infection have clinical symptoms, which are generally mild. The children with symptomatic infection are often accompanied by decreased or normal blood lymphocyte count and increased levels of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and D-dimer, with a relatively long time to nucleic acid clearance. Some of them had ground glass changes on chest CT.
目的: 探讨新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染患儿的临床特征。方法: 回顾性收集2022年3月14日—4月7日泉州市第一医院201例确诊为新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染的住院患儿的临床资料。其中无症状感染34例，有症状感染167例。比较两组患儿临床特征、辅助检查结果及转归。结果: 201例患儿中，161例（80.1%）有新型冠状病毒感染患者接触史，132例（65.7%）有新型冠状病毒感染疫苗接种史。167例有症状感染患儿中，轻型151例，普通型16例，无重症感染及死亡病例。101例进行胸部CT检查的患儿中，16例有磨玻璃样改变，20例有结节状或条索影改变。201例患儿新型冠状病毒核酸转阴时间为（14±4）d，其中有症状感染组核酸转阴时间长于无症状感染组［（15±4）d vs（11±4）d，P<0.05］。接种1剂或2剂新型冠状病毒感染疫苗组IgG检出阳性率高于未接种疫苗组（P<0.05）。有症状感染组血淋巴细胞计数增高比例低于无症状感染组（P<0.05）；有症状感染组白细胞介素-6水平增高、血纤维蛋白原增高及D-二聚体增高患儿比例均高于无症状感染组（均P<0.05）。结论: 感染Omicron变异株的患儿多有临床症状，但临床症状一般较轻。有症状感染患儿多伴有血淋巴细胞计数降低或正常，以及白细胞介素-6、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体升高表现，且核酸转阴时间较长，部分患儿胸部CT呈磨玻璃样改变。.
Keywords: Child; Clinical feature; Coronavirus disease 2019; Omicron variant.