We report a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient who was cured by oral administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid). The patient was treated with Paxlovid after being first infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.5 variant. On the 11th day after SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test turned negative, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test was positive again, and the threshold of nucleic acid cycle number was equivalent to that of the first infection. The results of two whole gene sequencing showed that it was the same virus strain infection, suggesting that the case was re-positive. Without specific treatment, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in nasopharyngeal swab turned negative. It is not uncommon for Paxlovid to recover after treating COVID-19, and most of the patients can recover without specific treatment. However, it is necessary to further study the mechanism that may lead to the recovery of SARS-CoV-2.
报告1例口服奈玛特韦/利托那韦(nirmatrelvir/ritonavir，Paxlovid)治愈出院的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19)复阳的病例资料。患者初次感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2)奥密克戎(Omicron)BA.5变异株后采用Paxlovid治疗，SARS-CoV-2核酸检测转阴出院后第11天SARS-CoV-2核酸检测再次呈阳性，且核酸循环数阈值与首次感染时相当，2次全基因组测序结果表明属同种病毒株感染，提示复阳。复阳后患者未经特异性治疗，隔离观察10 d后2次鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸检测转阴出院。Paxlovid治疗COVID-19后出现复阳的病例在临床工作中不少见，大多无需特异性治疗即可恢复，但仍有必要进一步研究可能导致SARS-CoV-2复阳的机制。.
Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019; nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; recurrence; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.