Risk HLA Variants Affect the T-Cell Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2023 Feb 15;10(3):e200093. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200093. Print 2023 May.

Abstract

Background and objectives: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus has a predominant role in the genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS), with 32 associations found to be involved. We aimed to investigate the impact of MHC MS-risk alleles on T-cell repertoire in patients with MS.

Methods: We studied 161 untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS for whom Class I and II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were inferred from whole-genome genotyping data, and T-cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 sequences were obtained through next-generation sequencing. T-cell repertoire features including diversity, public clones, and architecture were evaluated.

Results: We identified 5 MS-risk loci associated with TCR diversity: HLA-DRB1*15:01 (7.65 × 10-3), rs9271366 (1.96 × 10-3), rs766848979 A (1.89 × 10-2), rs9277626 (2.95 × 10-2), and rs11751659 (1.92 × 10-2), with evidence of expanded clonotypes in carriers of risk alleles. Moreover, HLA-DRB1*15:01 (4.99 × 10-3), rs9271366 (6.54 × 10-3), rs1049079 C (4.37 × 10-2), AA DQΒ1 position -5 L (1.05 × 10-3), and AA DQΒ1 position 221 Q (9.39 × 10-4) showed an association with the CDR3 aminoacidic sequence architecture, suggesting an impact on the antigen recognition breadth as well. Evaluating the sharing of clones across MS-risk allele carrier individuals revealed the presence of highly shared clonotypes predicted to target viral antigens, including Epstein-Barr virus.

Discussion: Our study supports the association between MHC-risk alleles and macrofeatures of the T-cell repertoire in the context of MS. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections*
  • HLA Antigens / genetics
  • HLA-DRB1 Chains / genetics
  • Herpesvirus 4, Human
  • Humans
  • Multiple Sclerosis* / genetics
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / genetics
  • T-Lymphocytes

Substances

  • HLA-DRB1 Chains
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • HLA Antigens