The regulatory mechanisms of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) are well known. However, how ROS levels are regulated during effector-triggered immunity (ETI) remains largely unknown. Recently, Zhang et al. discovered that MAPK-Alfin-like 7 module enhances nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR)-mediated immunity by negatively regulating genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, deepening our understanding of ROS control during ETI in plants.
Keywords: Alfin; MAPK; NLR-mediated immunity; ROS; phosphorylation.
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