Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [email protected].
• ² MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ³ Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
• ⁴ Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁵ École Nationale de la Statistique et de L'administration Économique (ENSAE), Paris, France.
• ⁶ Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), Paris, France.
• ⁷ Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁸ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ⁹ Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
• ¹⁰ Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹¹ Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹² DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹³ Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ¹⁴ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ¹⁵ Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ¹⁶ Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁸ Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁹ Psychiatric Hospital 'Sveti Ivan', Zagreb, Croatia.
• ²⁰ Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
• ²¹ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²² Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²³ Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
• ²⁴ Research Institute for Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²⁵ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ²⁶ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁷ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁸ Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁹ Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.
• ³⁰ MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ³¹ Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ³² Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ³³ Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ³⁴ Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³⁶ Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
• ³⁷ Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ³⁸ Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁹ Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ⁴⁰ University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
• ⁴¹ Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁴² Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• ⁴³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁴⁴ Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁴⁶ Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁴⁹ Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁵⁰ Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
• ⁵¹ South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
• ⁵² Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁵³ Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁵⁴ National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁵⁶ Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁵⁸ Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁵⁹ Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁶⁰ Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁶¹ Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
• ⁶² School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁶³ Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁶⁴ Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ⁶⁵ Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁶⁶ Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
• ⁶⁷ Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ⁶⁸ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁷⁰ Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁷¹ Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁷² Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁷³ Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia.
• ⁷⁴ Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
• ⁷⁵ Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁷⁶ Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁷⁷ Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁷⁸ deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ⁷⁹ Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
• ⁸⁰ Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁸¹ Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany.
• ⁸² Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ⁸³ Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁸⁴ Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France.
• ⁸⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁸⁶ Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [email protected].
• ⁸⁷ Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [email protected].
• ⁸⁸ Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. [email protected].
• ⁸⁹ Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. [email protected].
• ⁹⁰ MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [email protected].