Objective: To explore the feasibility, safety, and short- and long-term efficacy of laparoscopic pelvic exenteration (LPE) in treating locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 173 patients who had undergone pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced rectal cancer that had been shown by preoperative imaging or intraoperative exploration to have invaded beyond the mesorectal excision plane and adjacent organs in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (n=64) and Peking University First Hospital (n=109) from 2010 January to 2021 December were collected retrospectively. Laparoscopic PE (LPE) had been performed on 82 of these patients and open PE (OPE) on 91. Short- and long-term outcomes (1-, 3-, and 5-year overall and disease-free survival and 1- and 3-year cumulative local recurrence rates) were compared between these groups. Results: The only statistically significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05) was administration of neoadjuvant therapy. Compared with OPE, LPE had a significantly shorter operative time (319.3±129.3 minutes versus 417.3±155.0 minutes, t=4.531, P<0.001) and less intraoperative blood loss (175 [20-2000] ml vs. 500 [20-4500] ml, U=2206.500, P<0.001). The R0 resection rates were 98.8% and 94.5%, respectively (χ2=2.355, P=0.214). At 18.3% (15/82), and the incidence of perioperative complications was lower in the LPE group than in the OPE group (37.4% [34/91], χ2=7.727, P=0.005). The rates of surgical site infection were 7.3% (6/82) and 23.1% (21/91) in the LPE and OPE group, respectively (χ2=8.134, P=0.004). The rates of abdominal wound infection were 0 and 12.1% (11/91) (χ2=10.585, P=0.001), respectively, and of urinary tract infection 0 and 6.6% (6/91) (χ2=5.601, P=0.030), respectively. Postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the LPE than OPE group (12 [4-60] days vs. 15 [7-87] days, U=2498.000, P<0.001). The median follow-up time was 40 (2-88) months in the LPE group and 59 (1-130) months in the OPE group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 91.3%, 76.0%, and 62.5%, respectively, in the LPE group, and 91.2%, 68.9%, and 57.6%, respectively, in the OPE group. The 1, 3, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 82.8%, 64.9%, and 59.7%, respectively, in the LPE group and 76.9%, 57.8%, and 52.7%, respectively, in the OPE group. The 1- and 3-year cumulative local recurrence rates were 5.1% and 14.1%, respectively, in the LPE group and 8.0% and 15.1%, respectively, in the OPE group (both P>0.05). Conclusions: In locally advanced rectal cancer patients, LPE is associated with shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, fewer perioperative complications, and shorter hospital stay compared with OPE. It is safe and feasible without compromising oncological effect.
目的： 探讨腹腔镜盆腔脏器联合切除术（LPE）治疗局部进展期直肠癌（LARC）的可行性、安全性及近远期疗效。 方法： 采用回顾性队列研究的方法。收集2010年1月至2021年12月期间，中国医学科学院肿瘤医院（64例）和北京大学第一医院（109例）收治，经术前影像学或术中发现的原发直肠肿瘤侵犯全直肠系膜切除层面以外、及侵犯邻近组织脏器的局部进展期直肠癌（cT4b）并接受盆腔脏器联合切除术（PE）治疗的共计173例LARC患者的临床资料。其中82例行LPE的患者为LPE组，91例行开放盆腔脏器联合切除术（OPE）的患者为OPE组，对两组患者的近期疗效（围手术期情况）及术后生存情况（1、3、5年总生存率和无病生存率以及1、3年累计局部复发率）进行对比研究。 结果： 除新辅助治疗外，LPE和OPE两组患者基线资料比较，差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。LPE组手术时间（319.3±129.3）min，短于OPE组的（417.3±155.0）min（t=4.531，P<0.001），术中出血175（20~2 000）ml，少于OPE组的500（20~4 500）ml（U=2 206.500，P<0.001），差异均具有统计学意义。LPE组与OPE组患者肿瘤R0切除率分别为98.8%和94.5%（χ2=2.355，P=0.214），差异无统计学意义。LPE组围手术期并发症发生率为18.3%（15/82），低于OPE组的37.4%（34/91），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.727，P=0.005）；术后手术部位感染LPE组和OPE组分别为7.3%（6/82）和23.1%（21/91）（χ2=8.134，P=0.004），腹部伤口感染分别为0和12.1%（11/91）（χ2=10.585，P=0.001），泌尿系感染分别为0和6.6%（6/91）（χ2=5.601，P=0.030）；LPE组住院时间12（4~60）d，短于OPE组的15（7~87）d（U=2 498.000，P<0.001）。中位随访时间，LPE组40（2~88）个月，OPE组59（1~130）个月。LPE组1、3、5年总体生存率分别为91.3%、76.0%和62.5%，OPE组则分别为91.2%、68.9%和57.6%；LPE组1、3、5年无病生存率分别为82.8%、64.9%和59.7%，OPE组则分别为76.9%、57.8%和52.7%；LPE组1年、3年累计局部复发率分别为5.1%和14.1%；OPE组则分别为8.0%及15.1%；两组比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论： 对于LARC患者，与开腹手术相比，LPE并未降低手术根治性和远期肿瘤学疗效，且有助于缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、降低围手术期发并症发生率及缩短住院时间，安全可行。.