1 From the Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
2 Perioperative Outcomes and Informatics Collaborative, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
3 Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, Ohio.
4 Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, University Montpellier 1, Cedex 5, France.
5 Phymed Exp INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France.
6 Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.