Targeting the multifaceted neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's disease by tailored functionalisation of the curcumin scaffold

Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Apr 5:252:115297. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115297. Epub 2023 Mar 21.

Abstract

Simultaneous modulation of multifaceted toxicity arising from neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction represents a valuable therapeutic strategy to tackle Alzheimer's disease. Among the significant hallmarks of the disorder, Aβ protein and its aggregation products are well-recognised triggers of the neurotoxic cascade. In this study, by tailored modification of the curcumin-based lead compound 1, we aimed at developing a small library of hybrid compounds targeting Aβ protein oligomerisation and the consequent neurotoxic events. Interestingly, from in vitro studies, analogues 3 and 4, bearing a substituted triazole moiety, emerged as multifunctional agents able to counteract Aβ aggregation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In vivo proof-of-concept evaluations, performed in a Drosophila oxidative stress model, allowed us to identify compound 4 as a promising lead candidate.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta oligomers; Curcumin analogues; Drosophila Melanogaster model; Natural products; Neuroinflammation; Oxidative stress.

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease* / drug therapy
  • Alzheimer Disease* / metabolism
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism
  • Curcumin* / pharmacology
  • Curcumin* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Neuroinflammatory Diseases
  • Oxidative Stress

Substances

  • Curcumin
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides