Interference Between Enteric Viruses and Live-Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine Virus in a Healthy Australian Birth Cohort

J Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 3;228(7):851-856. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad094.

Abstract

Background: Rotavirus vaccines have reduced effectiveness in high-mortality settings. Interference between enteric viruses and live-attenuated oral vaccine strains may be a factor.

Methods: In a birth cohort of healthy Australian infants, parents collected weekly stool samples. Three hundred eighty-one paired swabs collected within 10-days of RotaTeq vaccination from 140 infants were tested for 10 enteric viruses and RotaTeq strains.

Results: Collectively, both ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid viruses were negatively associated with RotaTeq shedding (adjusted odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.58 and adjusted odds ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.11-0.78, respectively).

Conclusions: Enteric viruses may interfere with RotaTeq replication in the gut and thus RotaTeq stool shedding.

Keywords: ORChID; RotaTeq; enteric viruses; interference; oral vaccine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Viral
  • Australia / epidemiology
  • Birth Cohort
  • Enterovirus Infections*
  • Gastroenteritis*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Rotavirus Infections* / epidemiology
  • Rotavirus Infections* / prevention & control
  • Rotavirus Vaccines*
  • Rotavirus*
  • Vaccines, Attenuated

Substances

  • Rotavirus Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Antigens, Viral