A 3D printed polylactic acid-Baghdadite nanocomposite scaffold coated with microporous chitosan-VEGF for bone regeneration applications

Saeideh Salehi; Mohamadreza Tavakoli; Marjan Mirhaj; Jaleh Varshosaz; Sheyda Labbaf; Saeed Karbasi; Farnoosh Jafarpour; Nafise Kazemi; Sepideh Salehi; Morteza Mehrjoo; Eshagh Emami

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120787

A 3D printed polylactic acid-Baghdadite nanocomposite scaffold coated with microporous chitosan-VEGF for bone regeneration applications

Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Jul 15:312:120787. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120787. Epub 2023 Mar 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
² Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
³ Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁴ Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁵ Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁶ Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
⁸ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Iran National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 37059527
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120787

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become an advanced approach for fabricating patient-specific scaffolds with complex geometric shapes to replace damaged or diseased tissue. Herein, polylactic acid (PLA)-Baghdadite (Bgh) scaffold were made through the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing method and subjected to alkaline treatment. Following fabrication, the scaffolds were coated with either chitosan (Cs)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or lyophilized Cs-VEGF known as PLA-Bgh/Cs-VEGF and PLA-Bgh/L.(Cs-VEGF), respectively. Based on the results, it was found that the coated scaffolds had higher porosity, compressive strength and elastic modulus than PLA and PLA-Bgh samples. Also, the osteogenic differentiation potential of scaffolds following culture with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) was evaluated through crystal violet and Alizarin-red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content assays, osteocalcin measurements, and gene expression analysis. The release of VEGF from the coated scaffolds was assessed and also the angiogenic potential of scaffolds was evaluated. The sum of results presented in the current study strongly suggests that the PLA-Bgh/L.(Cs-VEGF) scaffold can be a proper candidate for bone healing applications.

Keywords: 3D printing; Angiogenic; Bone healing; Osteogenic; Vascular endothelial growth factor.

MeSH terms

Animals
Bone Regeneration
Chitosan*
Nanocomposites*
Osteogenesis
Polyesters / chemistry
Porosity
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Rats
Tissue Engineering / methods
Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics

Substances

poly(lactide)
Chitosan
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Ca(3)ZrSi(2)O(9)
Polyesters