Imaging in pediatric spondyloarthritis

Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2023 Jul 1;35(4):226-234. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000942. Epub 2023 Apr 14.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Imaging is used in the diagnosis of peripheral and axial disease in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA). Imaging of the joints and entheses in children and adolescents can be challenging for those unfamiliar with the appearance of the maturing skeleton. These differences are key for rheumatologists and radiologists to be aware of.

Recent findings: In youth, skeletal variation during maturation makes the identification of arthritis, enthesitis, and sacroiliitis difficult. A great effort has been put forward to define imaging characteristics seen in healthy children in order to more accurately identify disease. Additionally, there are novel imaging modalities on the horizon that are promising to further differentiate normal physiologic changes versus disease.

Summary: This review describes the current state of imaging, limitations, and future imaging modalities in youth, with key attention to differences in imaging interpretation of the peripheral joints, entheses, and sacroiliac joint in youth and adults.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Arthritis, Juvenile* / diagnostic imaging
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Sacroiliac Joint / diagnostic imaging
  • Sacroiliitis* / diagnostic imaging
  • Spondylarthritis* / diagnostic imaging