Dorzolamide suppresses PKCδ -TIRAP-p38 MAPK signaling axis to dampen the inflammatory response

Future Med Chem. 2023 Apr 27. doi: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0260. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a syndrome due to microbial infection causing impaired multiorgan function. Its underlying cause is immune dysfunction and macrophages play an essential role. Methods: TIRAP interaction with PKCδ in macrophage was studied, revealing downstream signaling by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Dorzolamide (DZD) disrupting TIRAP-PKCδ interaction was identified by virtual screening and validated in vitro and in septic mice. Results: The study highlights the indispensable role of TIRAP-PKCδ in p38 MAPK-activation, NF-κB- and AP-1-mediated proinflammatory cytokines expression, whereas DZD significantly attenuated the signaling. Conclusion: Targeting TIRAP-PKCδ interaction by DZD is a novel therapeutic approach for treating sepsis.

Keywords: AP1; NF-κB; PKCδ; TIRAP; dorzolamide (DZD); macrophages; p38 MAPK; pro-inflammatory cytokines; sepsis.