Abstract
Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents have been increasingly used to treat patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease and dermatological and rheumatologic inflammatory disorders. However, the widening use of biologics is related to a new class of adverse events called paradoxical reactions. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, but it is suggested that cytokine remodulation in predisposed individuals can lead to the inflammatory process. Here, we dissect the clinical aspects and overall outcomes of autoimmune diseases caused by anti-TNF-α therapies.
Keywords:
adalimumab; autoimmune diseases; certolizumab pegol; etanercept; golimumab; inflammatory bowel disease; infliximab; paradoxical reactions.
MeSH terms
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Adalimumab / therapeutic use
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
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Autoimmune Diseases* / chemically induced
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Autoimmune Diseases* / drug therapy
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Certolizumab Pegol / therapeutic use
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Etanercept / therapeutic use
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Humans
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* / chemically induced
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* / etiology
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Infliximab / therapeutic use
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Necrosis / drug therapy
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / therapeutic use
Substances
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Adalimumab
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Certolizumab Pegol
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Etanercept
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Infliximab
Grants and funding
This research received no external funding.