The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the nation’s largest integrated healthcare system. Comparing the quality of VA-delivered healthcare to care delivered in non-VA settings is one way of ensuring VA maintains its commitment to providing high-quality care to Veterans. To support this aim, the VA’s Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP) systematically reviews studies comparing the quality of VA and non-VA healthcare. This systematic review is frequently updated with the most recently available evidence; the current report was previously updated in February 2023.