Introduction: This evaluation examined the role of safety plans, one of a host of clinical suicide prevention interventions available for veterans through the United States Department of Veterans Affairs' national network of health care facilities managed by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
Materials and methods: Interviews were conducted with veterans who had experienced suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt since enrolling in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system (N = 29). Topics included negative life experiences, triggers for suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt, ability to recall and utilize safety plans in crisis, safety plan elements found most and least useful, and improvements to safety planning.
Results: Eighteen (62.07%) of the veterans in the sample had attempted suicide. Drug use was by far the most triggering and overdose was the most negative life event to subsequent ideation or attempt. Although all at-risk veterans should have a safety plan, only 13 (44.38%) created a safety plan, whereas 15 (51.72%) could not recall ever creating a safety plan with their provider. Among those who did recall making a safety plan, identifying warning signs was the most remembered portion. The most useful safety plan elements were: recognizing warning signs, supportive people and distracting social settings, names and numbers of professionals, giving the veteran personal coping strategies, options for using the plan, and keeping their environment safe. For some veterans, safety plans were seen as insufficient, undesirable, not necessary, or lacking a guarantee. The suggested improvements included involving concerned significant others, specific actions to take in a crisis, and potential barriers and alternatives.
Conclusions: Safety planning is a critical component in suicide prevention within VHA. However, future research is needed to ensure safety plans are accessible, implemented, and useful to veterans when in crisis.
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2023. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.