Vermiform appendix torsion complicated by postoperative venous pylephlebitis: a case report and review of literature

Vermiform appendix torsion is a rare condition that mimics acute appendicitis and is diagnosed during surgery. On the other hand, pylephlebitis (or septic thrombophlebitis) is a complication that occurs due to occlusive thrombosis of mesenteric venous system branches secondary to intra-abdominal infections. Although rare since the antibiotic era, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of postoperative fever. We report the case of a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with acute appendicitis. During laparoscopy, an anti-clockwise vermiform appendix torsion (360°) was identified. On postoperative day 3, the patient developed recurrent pyrexia related to ileocolic vein pylephlebitis, requiring specific management. Vermiform appendix torsion is a rare condition that is indistinguishable from acute appendicitis until an appendicectomy is performed. Whereas previous studies have reported an uneventful postoperative period in cases of vermiform appendix torsion, we present the first case of pylephlebitis as a rare complication and discuss adequate treatment.