Prescribing trends of glucose-lowering drugs in older adults from 2010 to 2021: A population-based study of Northern Italy

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023 Aug:202:110742. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110742. Epub 2023 Jun 1.

Abstract

Aims: To describe glucose-lowering drugs prescribing pattern in a large population of older diabetics from 2010 to 2021.

Methods: Using linkable administrative health databases, we included patients aged 65-90 years treated with glucose-lowering drugs. Prevalence rate of drugs was collected within each study year. A stratified analysis by gender, age and coexistence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was conducted.

Results: A total of 251 737 and 308 372 patients were identified in 2010 and 2021, respectively. Use of metformin (68.4% to 76.6%), DPP-4i (1.6% to 18.4%), GLP-1-RA (0.4% to 10.2%), SGLT2i (0.6% to 11.1%) increased, while sulfonylureas (53.6% to 20.7%) and glinides (10.5% to 3.5%) decreased over time. Metformin, glitazones, GLP1-RA, SGLT2i and DPP4i (except for 2021) usage decreased with aging, in contrast to sulfonylureas, glinides and insulin. The coexistence of CVD was associated with a higher prescription of glinides, insulin, DPP-4i, GLP1-RA and SGLT2i, particularly in 2021.

Conclusions: We found a significant increase in the prescriptions of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i in older diabetics, mainly in those with CVD. However, drugs without CV benefits including sulfonylureas and DPP-4i continued to be highly prescribed in older patients. There is still room to improve the management in this population according to recommendations.

Keywords: Antihyperglycemic drugs; Cardiovascular disease; Elderly patients; Glucose-lowering drugs; Older patients; Type 2 diabetes.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / drug therapy
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / therapeutic use
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / therapeutic use
  • Glucose / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Insulin, Regular, Human / therapeutic use
  • Metformin* / therapeutic use
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Sulfonylurea Compounds / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Glucose
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
  • Metformin
  • Sulfonylurea Compounds
  • Insulin
  • Insulin, Regular, Human
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor