The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique was used to characterize inflammatory cells in the lower respiratory tract of seven nonsmoking patients with CREST syndrome and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Differential cell counts in the BAL fluid showed a significant increase of neutrophils (p less than 0.05) and eosinophils (p less than 0.01) in comparison to normal subjects. In three patients there was also an increase of lymphocytes. No correlation was found between BAL and duration of scleroderma and/or lung function tests. The BAL findings in these scleroderma patients resemble those of idiopathic interstitial fibrosis suggesting that a similar inflammatory process occurs within the lower respiratory tract.