Conservation linkages of endangered medicinal plant and exploration of phytochemicals, pharmaceutical screening and in silico validation against diabetics using in vivo wild and in vitro regenerated plant Boucerosia diffusa Wight

Arumugam Vignesh; Thomas Cheeran Amal; Sivakumar Janani Sree; Subramaniam Selvakumar; Krishnan Vasanth

doi:10.1007/s13205-023-03645-5

Conservation linkages of endangered medicinal plant and exploration of phytochemicals, pharmaceutical screening and in silico validation against diabetics using in vivo wild and in vitro regenerated plant Boucerosia diffusa Wight

3 Biotech. 2023 Jul;13(7):237. doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03645-5. Epub 2023 Jun 15.

Authors

Arumugam Vignesh¹, Thomas Cheeran Amal^{1

2}, Sivakumar Janani Sree¹, Subramaniam Selvakumar³, Krishnan Vasanth¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India.
² ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, RS, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India.

Abstract

Boucerosia diffusa Wight. is an important endangered medicinal plant belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. In this study, an efficient protocol has been developed for B. diffusa using nodal explants for callus induction and direct organogenesis. The optimal callus induction (83.7%) was observed on 0.6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Murashige and Skoog medium. The shoot regeneration was observed on different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2,4-D using shoot induction (88.5%) was observed on 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.6 mg/L 2,4-D. Maximum root induction frequency (85.6%) was obtained on 0.6 mg/L α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L BAP. The fully developed plants were acclimatized (98.86% survival rate) and transferred to natural photoperiod conditions. The phytochemical and pharmacological activity was determined in in vitro-regenerated plants (IRP) and was compared to in vivo wild plants (IWP). The primary and the secondary metabolite contents of bioactive compounds were significantly higher in the methanolic extract of IRP. A comparative antioxidant activity study shows IRP exhibited better scavenging activity. The antidiabetic activity of α- amylase (IC₅₀ - 71.56 ± 15.4 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ - 82.94 ± 12.84 µg/mL) inhibitor activity also exhibited maximum in methanolic extract of IRP. Furthermore, chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria, IRP methanolic extracts showed a maximum zone of inhibition (75 µg/mL) observed against Salmonella typhi (23.5 ± 0.5 mm) compared to the IWP. Molecular docking analysis of B. diffusa inhibition of antidiabetic activity showed better affinity in β-Sitosterol.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03645-5.

Keywords: Antibacterial analysis; Antidiabetic activity; Boucerosia diffusa Wight.; Caralluma diffusa (Wight) N. E. Br.; Micropropagation; Phytochemical analysis.

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