Improving the Energy Storage of Supercapattery Devices through Electrolyte Optimization for Mg(NbAgS)_x(SO₄)_y Electrode Materials

Electrolytes are one of the most influential aspects determining the efficiency of electrochemical supercapacitors. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the effect of introducing co-solvents of ester into ethylene carbonate (EC). The use of ester co-solvents in ethylene carbonate (EC) as an electrolyte for supercapacitors improves conductivity, electrochemical properties, and stability, allowing greater energy storage capacity and increased device durability. We synthesized extremely thin nanosheets of niobium silver sulfide using a hydrothermal process and mixed them with magnesium sulfate in different wt% ratios to produce Mg(NbAgS)_x)(SO₄)_y. The synergistic effect of MgSO₄ and NbS₂ increased the storage capacity and energy density of the supercapattery. Multivalent ion storage in Mg(NbAgS)_x(SO₄)_y enables the storage of a number of ions. The Mg(NbAgS)_x)(SO₄)_y was directly deposited on a nickel foam substrate using a simple and innovative electrodeposition approach. The synthesized silver Mg(NbAgS)_x)(SO₄)_y provided a maximum specific capacity of 2087 C/g at 2.0 A/g current density because of its substantial electrochemically active surface area and linked nanosheet channels which aid in ion transportation. The supercapattery was designed with Mg(NbAgS)_x)(SO₄)_y and activated carbon (AC) achieved a high energy density of 79 Wh/kg in addition to its high power density of 420 W/kg. The supercapattery (Mg(NbAgS)_x)(SO₄)_y//AC) was subjected to 15,000 consecutive cycles. The Coulombic efficiency of the device was 81% after 15,000 consecutive cycles while retaining a 78% capacity retention. This study reveals that the use of this novel electrode material (Mg(NbAgS)_x(SO₄)_y) in ester-based electrolytes has great potential in supercapattery applications.