Background: Limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed comparing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) to medical therapy (MEDT) for acute ischemic stroke with extensive baseline ischemic injury (AIS-EBI). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs reporting EVT for AIS-EBI.
Methods: Using the Nested Knowledge AutoLit software, we conducted a systematic literature review from inception to 12 February 2023 within Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Results of the TESLA trial were included on 10 June 2023. We included RCTs that compared EVT to MEDT for AIS with large ischemic core volume. The primary outcome of interest was a modified Rankin Score (mRS) 0-2. Secondary outcomes of interest included early neurological improvement (ENI), mRS 0-3, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b-3, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: We included four RCTs with 1310 patients, 661 of whom underwent EVT and 649 of whom were treated with MEDT. EVT was associated with greater rates of mRS 0-2 (RR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.75-3.09; P-value < 0.001), mRS 0-3 (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.33-2.12; P-value < 0.001), and ENI (RR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.55-3.24; P-value < 0.001). Rates of sICH (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.07-3.69; P-value = 0.03) were greater in the EVT group. Mortality (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83-1.15; P-value = 0.79) was comparable between the EVT and MEDT groups. The rate of successful reperfusion in the EVT group was 79.9% (95% CI = 75.6-83.6).
Conclusions: Although the rate of sICH was greater in the EVT group, EVT conferred a greater clinical benefit to MEDT for AIS-EBI based on available RCTs.
Keywords: Large core; ischemic; randomized controlled trial; stroke; thrombectomy.