1 National Spine and Pain Centers, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, USA.
2 MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
3 Division of Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4 Sutter Health System, Roseville, California, USA.
5 The Spine & Pain Institute of New York, New York, New York, USA.
6 Department of Anesthesiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
7 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd., Artarmon, New South Wales, Australia.
8 Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
9 Department of Pain Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.