Utility of end of induction bone marrow biopsy and survival outcomes in acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with fixed-dose induction regimen

Leuk Lymphoma. 2023 Oct;64(10):1673-1680. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2234529. Epub 2023 Jul 26.

Abstract

Significant variations exist related to the end of induction practices in the management of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). These variations include all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-arsenic trioxide (ATO) in fixed doses versus continuation until hematologic complete remission (CR) and performance versus omission of post-induction bone marrow biopsy to confirm morphological CR. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 61 patients (42 low/intermediate-risk and 19 high-risk) aged ≥ 18 years with newly diagnosed APL treated with fixed duration ATRA-ATO +/- cytoreduction at a tertiary medical center from December 2012 through March 2020. Of the 54 patients with post-induction bone marrow biopsy results, 52 (96%) demonstrated no morphologic evidence of APL while the remaining were equivocal. After 2.6 years median follow-up, no relapses occurred. The estimated 2-year overall survival rate of 95% suggests excellent outcomes with a fixed ATO induction regimen and safe omission of post-induction bone marrow biopsy irrespective of hematologic parameters.

Keywords: APL; ATRA; Bone marrow biopsy; arsenic; induction.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
  • Arsenic Trioxide / therapeutic use
  • Arsenicals* / therapeutic use
  • Bone Marrow
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* / diagnosis
  • Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* / drug therapy
  • Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* / etiology
  • Oxides / therapeutic use
  • Remission Induction
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Tretinoin / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Arsenicals
  • Oxides
  • Arsenic Trioxide
  • Tretinoin