The unique effects of hope and gratitude on psychological distress and well-being in trauma-exposed Hispanic/Latino adults

Psychol Trauma. 2024 Mar;16(3):488-495. doi: 10.1037/tra0001550. Epub 2023 Jul 27.

Abstract

Objective: Gratitude and hope are well-established predictors of well-being and buffers against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety symptoms. However, scarce literature exists that investigates these relationships in a Hispanic/Latino sample. The current study investigates gratitude's and hope's relationship to PTSD and anxiety symptoms and different domains of well-being in trauma-exposed Hispanic/Latino young adults at a large southern university.

Method: The sample was composed of 732 undergraduate students who were mostly female (80.7%) and young adults, (Mage = 21.8, SD = 4.3), who endorsed experiencing one or more traumatic events via the Life Events Checklist. Students completed an online survey for course credit.

Results: Structural equation models were used to analyze the data. Gratitude had a stronger inverse relationship with PTSD symptoms (β = -.43, 95% CI [-0.50, -0.35]) and anxiety symptoms (β = -.28, 95% CI [-0.36, -0.20]) compared to hope (β = .06, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.14]) (β = -.06, 95% CI [-0.14, 0.02]). Both gratitude and hope were robust predictors of the three domains of well-being.

Conclusions: The current study found that hope and gratitude predicted resilience in trauma-exposed Hispanic/Latino young adults. Decreased levels of gratitude were a stronger predictor of psychological distress and subjective well-being than decreased levels of hope, but hope was a robust predictor of the three well-being domains. The findings of this study may lend support for the development of hope and gratitude interventions in a Hispanic/Latino population for the prevention of PTSD symptoms and anxiety symptoms via engendering higher levels of resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety / psychology
  • Female
  • Hispanic or Latino
  • Hope
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Psychological Distress*
  • Resilience, Psychological*
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / psychology
  • Young Adult