The finalized document was endorsed by the EACTS Council and STS Executive Committee before being simultaneously published in the European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery (EJCTS) and The Annals of Thoracic Surgery (The Annals) and the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (JTCVS).
This article has been co-published with permission in the European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, and the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. All rights reserved. © 2023 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the American Association for Thoracic Surgery. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. Any of the three citations can be used when citing this article.