First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

J Aalbers; D S Akerib; C W Akerlof; A K Al Musalhi; F Alder; A Alqahtani; S K Alsum; C S Amarasinghe; A Ames; T J Anderson; N Angelides; H M Araújo; J E Armstrong; M Arthurs; S Azadi; A J Bailey; A Baker; J Balajthy; S Balashov; J Bang; J W Bargemann; M J Barry; J Barthel; D Bauer; A Baxter; K Beattie; J Belle; P Beltrame; J Bensinger; T Benson; E P Bernard; A Bhatti; A Biekert; T P Biesiadzinski; H J Birch; B Birrittella; G M Blockinger; K E Boast; B Boxer; R Bramante; C A J Brew; P Brás; J H Buckley; V V Bugaev; S Burdin; J K Busenitz; M Buuck; R Cabrita; C Carels; D L Carlsmith; B Carlson; M C Carmona-Benitez; M Cascella; C Chan; A Chawla; H Chen; J J Cherwinka; N I Chott; A Cole; J Coleman; M V Converse; A Cottle; G Cox; W W Craddock; O Creaner; D Curran; A Currie; J E Cutter; C E Dahl; A David; J Davis; T J R Davison; J Delgaudio; S Dey; L de Viveiros; A Dobi; J E Y Dobson; E Druszkiewicz; A Dushkin; T K Edberg; W R Edwards; M M Elnimr; W T Emmet; S R Eriksen; C H Faham; A Fan; S Fayer; N M Fearon; S Fiorucci; H Flaecher; P Ford; V B Francis; E D Fraser; T Fruth; R J Gaitskell; N J Gantos; D Garcia; A Geffre; V M Gehman; J Genovesi; C Ghag; R Gibbons; E Gibson; M G D Gilchriese; S Gokhale; B Gomber; J Green; A Greenall; S Greenwood; M G D van der Grinten; C B Gwilliam; C R Hall; S Hans; K Hanzel; A Harrison; E Hartigan-O'Connor; S J Haselschwardt; M A Hernandez; S A Hertel; G Heuermann; C Hjemfelt; M D Hoff; E Holtom; J Y-K Hor; M Horn; D Q Huang; D Hunt; C M Ignarra; R G Jacobsen; O Jahangir; R S James; S N Jeffery; W Ji; J Johnson; A C Kaboth; A C Kamaha; K Kamdin; V Kasey; K Kazkaz; J Keefner; D Khaitan; M Khaleeq; A Khazov; I Khurana; Y D Kim; C D Kocher; D Kodroff; L Korley; E V Korolkova; J Kras; H Kraus; S Kravitz; H J Krebs; L Kreczko; B Krikler; V A Kudryavtsev; S Kyre; B Landerud; E A Leason; C Lee; J Lee; D S Leonard; R Leonard; K T Lesko; C Levy; J Li; F-T Liao; J Liao; J Lin; A Lindote; R Linehan; W H Lippincott; R Liu; X Liu; Y Liu; C Loniewski; M I Lopes; E Lopez Asamar; B López Paredes; W Lorenzon; D Lucero; S Luitz; J M Lyle; P A Majewski; J Makkinje; D C Malling; A Manalaysay; L Manenti; R L Mannino; N Marangou; M F Marzioni; C Maupin; M E McCarthy; C T McConnell; D N McKinsey; J McLaughlin; Y Meng; J Migneault; E H Miller; E Mizrachi; J A Mock; A Monte; M E Monzani; J A Morad; J D Morales Mendoza; E Morrison; B J Mount; M Murdy; A St J Murphy; D Naim; A Naylor; C Nedlik; C Nehrkorn; F Neves; A Nguyen; J A Nikoleyczik; A Nilima; J O'Dell; F G O'Neill; K O'Sullivan; I Olcina; M A Olevitch; K C Oliver-Mallory; J Orpwood; D Pagenkopf; S Pal; K J Palladino; J Palmer; M Pangilinan; N Parveen; S J Patton; E K Pease; B Penning; C Pereira; G Pereira; E Perry; T Pershing; I B Peterson; A Piepke; J Podczerwinski; D Porzio; S Powell; R M Preece; K Pushkin; Y Qie; B N Ratcliff; J Reichenbacher; L Reichhart; C A Rhyne; A Richards; Q Riffard; G R C Rischbieter; J P Rodrigues; A Rodriguez; H J Rose; R Rosero; P Rossiter; T Rushton; G Rutherford; D Rynders; J S Saba; D Santone; A B M R Sazzad; R W Schnee; P R Scovell; D Seymour; S Shaw; T Shutt; J J Silk; C Silva; G Sinev; K Skarpaas; W Skulski; R Smith; M Solmaz; V N Solovov; P Sorensen; J Soria; I Stancu; M R Stark; A Stevens; T M Stiegler; K Stifter; R Studley; B Suerfu; T J Sumner; P Sutcliffe; N Swanson; M Szydagis; M Tan; D J Taylor; R Taylor; W C Taylor; D J Temples; B P Tennyson; P A Terman; K J Thomas; D R Tiedt; M Timalsina; W H To; A Tomás; Z Tong; D R Tovey; J Tranter; M Trask; M Tripathi; D R Tronstad; C E Tull; W Turner; L Tvrznikova; U Utku; J Va'vra; A Vacheret; A C Vaitkus; J R Verbus; E Voirin; W L Waldron; A Wang; B Wang; J J Wang; W Wang; Y Wang; J R Watson; R C Webb; A White; D T White; J T White; R G White; T J Whitis; M Williams; W J Wisniewski; M S Witherell; F L H Wolfs; J D Wolfs; S Woodford; D Woodward; S D Worm; C J Wright; Q Xia; X Xiang; Q Xiao; J Xu; M Yeh; J Yin; I Young; P Zarzhitsky; A Zuckerman; E A Zweig; LUX-ZEPLIN Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041002

First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jul 28;131(4):041002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041002.

Authors

J Aalbers^{1

2}, D S Akerib^{1

2}, C W Akerlof³, A K Al Musalhi⁴, F Alder⁵, A Alqahtani⁶, S K Alsum⁷, C S Amarasinghe³, A Ames^{1

2}, T J Anderson^{1

2}, N Angelides^{5

8}, H M Araújo⁸, J E Armstrong⁹, M Arthurs³, S Azadi¹⁰, A J Bailey⁸, A Baker⁸, J Balajthy¹¹, S Balashov¹², J Bang⁶, J W Bargemann¹⁰, M J Barry¹³, J Barthel¹⁴, D Bauer⁸, A Baxter¹⁵, K Beattie¹³, J Belle¹⁶, P Beltrame^{5

17}, J Bensinger¹⁸, T Benson⁷, E P Bernard^{13

19}, A Bhatti⁹, A Biekert^{13

19}, T P Biesiadzinski^{1

2}, H J Birch^{3

15}, B Birrittella⁷, G M Blockinger²⁰, K E Boast⁴, B Boxer^{11

15}, R Bramante^{1

2}, C A J Brew¹², P Brás²¹, J H Buckley²², V V Bugaev²², S Burdin¹⁵, J K Busenitz²³, M Buuck^{1

2}, R Cabrita²¹, C Carels⁴, D L Carlsmith⁷, B Carlson¹⁴, M C Carmona-Benitez²⁴, M Cascella⁵, C Chan⁶, A Chawla²⁵, H Chen¹³, J J Cherwinka⁷, N I Chott²⁶, A Cole¹³, J Coleman¹³, M V Converse²⁷, A Cottle^{4

16}, G Cox^{14

24}, W W Craddock¹, O Creaner¹³, D Curran¹⁴, A Currie⁸, J E Cutter¹¹, C E Dahl^{16

28}, A David⁵, J Davis¹⁴, T J R Davison¹⁷, J Delgaudio¹⁴, S Dey⁴, L de Viveiros²⁴, A Dobi¹³, J E Y Dobson⁵, E Druszkiewicz²⁷, A Dushkin¹⁸, T K Edberg⁹, W R Edwards¹³, M M Elnimr²³, W T Emmet²⁹, S R Eriksen³⁰, C H Faham¹³, A Fan^{1

2}, S Fayer⁸, N M Fearon⁴, S Fiorucci¹³, H Flaecher³⁰, P Ford¹², V B Francis¹², E D Fraser¹⁵, T Fruth^{4

5}, R J Gaitskell⁶, N J Gantos¹³, D Garcia⁶, A Geffre¹⁴, V M Gehman¹³, J Genovesi²⁶, C Ghag⁵, R Gibbons^{13

19}, E Gibson⁴, M G D Gilchriese¹³, S Gokhale³¹, B Gomber⁷, J Green⁴, A Greenall¹⁵, S Greenwood⁸, M G D van der Grinten¹², C B Gwilliam¹⁵, C R Hall⁹, S Hans³¹, K Hanzel¹³, A Harrison²⁶, E Hartigan-O'Connor⁶, S J Haselschwardt¹³, M A Hernandez³, S A Hertel³², G Heuermann³, C Hjemfelt²⁶, M D Hoff¹³, E Holtom¹², J Y-K Hor²³, M Horn¹⁴, D Q Huang^{3

6}, D Hunt⁴, C M Ignarra^{1

2}, R G Jacobsen^{13

19}, O Jahangir⁵, R S James⁵, S N Jeffery¹², W Ji^{1

2}, J Johnson¹¹, A C Kaboth^{12

25}, A C Kamaha^{20

33}, K Kamdin^{13

19}, V Kasey⁸, K Kazkaz³⁴, J Keefner¹⁴, D Khaitan²⁷, M Khaleeq⁸, A Khazov¹², I Khurana⁵, Y D Kim³⁵, C D Kocher⁶, D Kodroff²⁴, L Korley^{3

18}, E V Korolkova³⁶, J Kras⁷, H Kraus⁴, S Kravitz¹³, H J Krebs¹, L Kreczko³¹, B Krikler³¹, V A Kudryavtsev³⁶, S Kyre¹⁰, B Landerud⁷, E A Leason¹⁷, C Lee^{1

2}, J Lee³⁵, D S Leonard³⁵, R Leonard²⁶, K T Lesko¹³, C Levy²⁰, J Li³⁵, F-T Liao⁴, J Liao⁶, J Lin^{4

13

19}, A Lindote²¹, R Linehan^{1

2}, W H Lippincott^{10

16}, R Liu⁶, X Liu¹⁷, Y Liu⁷, C Loniewski²⁷, M I Lopes²¹, E Lopez Asamar²¹, B López Paredes⁸, W Lorenzon³, D Lucero¹⁴, S Luitz¹, J M Lyle⁶, P A Majewski¹², J Makkinje⁶, D C Malling⁶, A Manalaysay^{11

13}, L Manenti⁵, R L Mannino⁷, N Marangou⁸, M F Marzioni¹⁷, C Maupin¹⁴, M E McCarthy²⁷, C T McConnell¹³, D N McKinsey^{13

19}, J McLaughlin²⁸, Y Meng²³, J Migneault⁶, E H Miller^{1

2

26}, E Mizrachi^{9

34}, J A Mock^{13

20}, A Monte^{10

16}, M E Monzani^{1

2

37}, J A Morad¹¹, J D Morales Mendoza^{1

2}, E Morrison²⁶, B J Mount³⁸, M Murdy³², A St J Murphy¹⁷, D Naim¹¹, A Naylor³⁶, C Nedlik³², C Nehrkorn¹⁰, F Neves²¹, A Nguyen¹⁷, J A Nikoleyczik⁷, A Nilima¹⁷, J O'Dell¹², F G O'Neill¹, K O'Sullivan^{13

19}, I Olcina^{13

19}, M A Olevitch²², K C Oliver-Mallory^{8

13

19}, J Orpwood³⁶, D Pagenkopf¹⁰, S Pal²¹, K J Palladino^{4

7}, J Palmer²⁵, M Pangilinan⁶, N Parveen²⁰, S J Patton¹³, E K Pease¹³, B Penning^{3

18}, C Pereira²¹, G Pereira²¹, E Perry⁵, T Pershing³⁴, I B Peterson¹³, A Piepke²³, J Podczerwinski⁷, D Porzio²¹, S Powell¹⁵, R M Preece¹², K Pushkin³, Y Qie²⁷, B N Ratcliff¹, J Reichenbacher²⁶, L Reichhart⁵, C A Rhyne⁶, A Richards⁸, Q Riffard^{13

19}, G R C Rischbieter²⁰, J P Rodrigues²¹, A Rodriguez³⁸, H J Rose¹⁵, R Rosero³¹, P Rossiter³⁶, T Rushton³⁶, G Rutherford⁶, D Rynders¹⁴, J S Saba¹³, D Santone²⁵, A B M R Sazzad²³, R W Schnee²⁶, P R Scovell^{4

12}, D Seymour⁶, S Shaw¹⁰, T Shutt^{1

2}, J J Silk⁹, C Silva²¹, G Sinev²⁶, K Skarpaas¹, W Skulski²⁷, R Smith^{13

19}, M Solmaz¹⁰, V N Solovov²¹, P Sorensen¹³, J Soria^{13

19}, I Stancu²³, M R Stark²⁶, A Stevens^{4

5

8}, T M Stiegler³⁹, K Stifter^{1

2

16}, R Studley¹⁸, B Suerfu^{13

19}, T J Sumner⁸, P Sutcliffe¹⁵, N Swanson⁶, M Szydagis²⁰, M Tan⁴, D J Taylor¹⁴, R Taylor⁸, W C Taylor⁶, D J Temples²⁸, B P Tennyson²⁹, P A Terman³⁹, K J Thomas¹³, D R Tiedt^{9

14

26}, M Timalsina²⁶, W H To^{1

2}, A Tomás⁸, Z Tong⁸, D R Tovey³⁶, J Tranter³⁶, M Trask¹⁰, M Tripathi¹¹, D R Tronstad²⁶, C E Tull¹³, W Turner¹⁵, L Tvrznikova^{19

29

34}, U Utku⁵, J Va'vra¹, A Vacheret⁸, A C Vaitkus⁶, J R Verbus⁶, E Voirin¹⁶, W L Waldron¹³, A Wang^{1

2}, B Wang²³, J J Wang²³, W Wang^{7

32}, Y Wang^{13

19}, J R Watson^{13

19}, R C Webb³⁹, A White⁶, D T White¹⁰, J T White³⁹, R G White^{1

2}, T J Whitis^{1

10}, M Williams^{3

18}, W J Wisniewski¹, M S Witherell^{13

19}, F L H Wolfs²⁷, J D Wolfs²⁷, S Woodford¹⁵, D Woodward²⁴, S D Worm¹², C J Wright³¹, Q Xia¹³, X Xiang^{6

31}, Q Xiao⁷, J Xu³⁴, M Yeh³¹, J Yin²⁷, I Young¹⁶, P Zarzhitsky²³, A Zuckerman⁶, E A Zweig³³; LUX-ZEPLIN Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA.
² Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA.
³ University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
⁴ University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.
⁵ University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
⁶ Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA.
⁷ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA.
⁸ Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
⁹ University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA.
¹⁰ University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA.
¹¹ University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA.
¹² STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
¹³ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA.
¹⁴ South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA.
¹⁵ University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.
¹⁶ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA.
¹⁷ University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.
¹⁸ Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.
¹⁹ University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
²⁰ University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA.
²¹ Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal.
²² Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA.
²³ University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA.
²⁴ Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA.
²⁵ Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
²⁶ South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA.
²⁷ University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA.
²⁸ Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA.
²⁹ Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA.
³⁰ University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.
³¹ Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
³² University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.
³³ University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547.
³⁴ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA.
³⁵ IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
³⁶ University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom.
³⁷ Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State.
³⁸ Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA.
³⁹ Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA.

PMID: 37566836
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041002

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.