Due to advances in surgical techniques, perioperative care, and new immunosuppressive agents, intestinal transplantation has become a valid therapeutic choice for chronic intestinal failure. Intestinal transplantation has been performed most commonly using deceased donation, while less than 2% of which have been from living donation. Living donor intestinal transplantation obtaining a segmental intestinal graft, usually from close relatives. Preliminary results show that acute/chronic rejection rates, postoperative opportunistic infections, and graft versus host disease are significantly reduced after living donor intestinal transplantation, contributing to improved graft and patient survivals. Due to a severe shortage of organ donation, especially in children, living donor intestinal transplantation has increasingly become an important treatment option for patients with chronic intestinal failure in China.
随着外科技术的进步、围手术期处理的改进和新型免疫抑制药物的应用，小肠移植已经成为慢性肠衰竭的重要治疗方法之一。国际上，绝大多数小肠移植供体为逝世后捐献，活体捐献仅占2%。活体小肠移植是将健康捐献者的一部分小肠移植给受者，捐献者一般为直系亲属。根据国际小肠康复和移植协会数据，全球活体小肠移植数量尚不足100例。初步结果显示，活体小肠移植具有急慢性排斥反应发生率低、免疫抑制剂用量少、病毒等机会性感染和移植物抗宿主病并发症少等优势，器官和患者存活率至少等于或优于逝世后捐献小肠移植。在我国，公民逝世后捐献器官数量严重不足，供需矛盾日益突出，尤其是适合儿童小肠移植的供者匮乏。因此，活体小肠移植越来越成为慢性肠功能衰竭患者的重要治疗选项。.