A novel GNAL pathogenic variant leading to generalized dystonia: Immediate and sustained response to globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation

Affiliations

• ¹ Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ² Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
• ³ Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ⁴ Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ⁵ The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
• ⁶ Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
• ⁷ Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.