Long-Life Lithium-Ion Sulfur Pouch Battery Enabled by Regulating Solvent Molecules and Using Lithiated Graphite Anode

The development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is severely limited by the shuttle effect and instability of Li-metal anode. Constructing Li-ion S batteries (LISBs), by using more stable commercial graphite (Gr) anode instead of Li-metal, is an effective way to realize long-cycle-life Li-S batteries. However, Gr electrode is usually incompatible with the ether-based electrolytes commonly used for Li-S batteries due to the Li⁺ -ether complex co-intercalation into Gr interlayers. Herein, a solvent molecule structure regulation strategy is provided to weaken the Li⁺ -solvent binding by increasing steric hindrance and electronegativity, to accelerate Li⁺ de-solvation process and prevent Li⁺ -ether complex co-intercalation into Gr anode. Meanwhile, the weakly solvating power of solvent can suppress the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and makes more anions participate in Li⁺ solvation structure to generate a stable anion-derived solid electrolyte interface on Gr surface. Therefore, a LISB coin-cell consisting of lithiated graphite anode and S@C cathode displays a stable capacity of ≈770 mAh g^-1 within 200 cycles. Furthermore, an unprecedented practical LISB pouch-cell with a high Gr loading (≈10.5 mg cm^-2 ) also delivers a high initial capacity of 802.3 mAh g^-1 and releases a stable capacity of 499.1 mAh g^-1 with a high Coulombic efficiency (≈95.9%) after 120 cycles.