Extreme resistance to the novel siderophore-cephalosporin cefiderocol in an extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain causing fatal pneumonia with sepsis: genomic analysis and synergistic combinations for resistance reversal

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023 Nov;42(11):1395-1400. doi: 10.1007/s10096-023-04671-0. Epub 2023 Oct 13.

Abstract

Cefiderocol (CFDC) is the first-in-class siderophore-cephalosporin. Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that is extremely resistant to CFDC (MIC: 256 µg/ml) was isolated for the first time in the United Arab Emirates from a patient with pneumonia and sepsis. It belonged to sequence-type 14 (ST14), with a novel core genome ST. Resistance was driven by the co-expression of β-lactamases (blaNDM-1, blaOXA-232 and blaCTX-M-15) and a mutation in catecholate-siderophore receptor, utilized by CFDC to enter the bacterial cell. Synergistic combinations (β-lactamase inhibitors, aztreonam plus CFDC) re-sensitized the bacteria to CFDC. Although CFDC resistance is multifactorial, the combination with β-lactamase inhibitors represents a promising approach in resistance reversal for fighting superbugs.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Cefiderocol; Klebsiella pneumoniae; ST14.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Cefiderocol
  • Cephalosporins / pharmacology
  • Cephalosporins / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
  • Genomics
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae*
  • Sepsis* / drug therapy
  • Siderophores / pharmacology
  • Siderophores / therapeutic use
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Siderophores
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
  • Cephalosporins