Crowd-sourcing and automation facilitated the identification and classification of randomized controlled trials in a living review

Mohammed Mujaab Kamso; Jordi Pardo Pardo; Samuel L Whittle; Rachelle Buchbinder; George Wells; Vanessa Glennon; Peter Tugwell; Rob Deardon; Tolulope Sajobi; George Tomlinson; Jesse Elliott; Shannon E Kelly; Glen S Hazlewood

doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.10.007

Crowd-sourcing and automation facilitated the identification and classification of randomized controlled trials in a living review

J Clin Epidemiol. 2023 Dec:164:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.10.007. Epub 2023 Oct 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, Ottawa, Canada.
³ Department Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁴ School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁵ School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Bruyere Research institute, Ottawa, Canada.
⁷ Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
⁸ Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
⁹ Department of Medicine, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
¹⁰ Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
¹¹ School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.

PMID: 37865299
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.10.007

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate an approach using automation and crowdsourcing to identify and classify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a living systematic review (LSR).

Methods: Records from a database search for RCTs in RA were screened first by machine learning and Cochrane Crowd to exclude non-RCTs, then by trainee reviewers using a Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) annotator platform to assess eligibility and classify the trial to the appropriate review. Disagreements were resolved by experts using a custom online tool. We evaluated the efficiency gains, sensitivity, accuracy, and interrater agreement (kappa scores) between reviewers.

Results: From 42,452 records, machine learning and Cochrane Crowd excluded 28,777 (68%), trainee reviewers excluded 4,529 (11%), and experts excluded 7,200 (17%). The 1,946 records eligible for our LSR represented 220 RCTs and included 148/149 (99.3%) of known eligible trials from prior reviews. Although excluded from our LSRs, 6,420 records were classified as other RCTs in RA to inform future reviews. False negative rates among trainees were highest for the RCT domain (12%), although only 1.1% of these were for the primary record. Kappa scores for two reviewers ranged from moderate to substantial agreement (0.40-0.69).

Conclusion: A screening approach combining machine learning, crowdsourcing, and trainee participation substantially reduced the screening burden for expert reviewers and was highly sensitive.

Keywords: Automation; Crowdsourcing; Living systematic reviews; Machine learning; Randomized controlled trials (RCTs); Rheumatoid arthritis; Systematic reviews.

Publication types

Systematic Review
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Arthritis, Rheumatoid*
Automation
Crowdsourcing*
Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic