Remdesivir Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Supplemental Oxygen Including Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Essy Mozaffari; Aastha Chandak; Robert L Gottlieb; Chidinma Chima-Melton; Stephanie H Read; EunYoung Lee; Celine Der-Torossian; Rikisha Gupta; Mark Berry; Stijn Hollemeersch; Andre C Kalil

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad482

Remdesivir Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Supplemental Oxygen Including Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Sep 22;10(10):ofad482. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad482. eCollection 2023 Oct.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA.
² Certara, NewYork, New York, USA.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
⁴ Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Burnett School of Medicine at TCU, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
⁶ Department of Interal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
⁷ Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA Health, Torrance, California, USA.
⁸ Certara, London, UK.
⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Abstract

Background: This comparative effectiveness study investigated the effect of remdesivir on in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring supplemental oxygen including low-flow oxygen (LFO), high-flow oxygen/noninvasive ventilation (HFO/NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (IMV/ECMO) across variant of concern (VOC) periods.

Methods: Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2020 and April 2022 and administered remdesivir upon admission were 1:1 propensity score matched to patients not administered remdesivir during their COVID-19 hospitalization. Analyses were stratified by supplemental oxygen requirement upon admission and VOC period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 14- and 28-day mortality.

Results: Patients treated with remdesivir (67 582 LFO, 34 857 HFO/NIV, and 4164 IMV/ECMO) were matched to non-remdesivir patients. Unadjusted mortality rates were significantly lower for remdesivir-treated patients at 14 days (LFO: 6.4% vs. 8.8%; HFO/NIV: 16.8% vs. 19.4%; IMV/ECMO: 27.8% vs. 35.3%) and 28 days (LFO: 9.8% vs. 12.3%; HFO/NIV: 25.8% vs. 28.3%; IMV/ECMO: 41.4% vs. 50.6%). After adjustment, remdesivir treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction in in-hospital mortality at 14 days (LFO: aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.79; HFO/NIV: aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89; IMV/ECMO: aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.82) and 28 days (LFO: aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85; HFO/NIV: aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.93; IMV/ECMO: aHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67-0.82) compared with non-remdesivir treatment. Lower risk of mortality among remdesivir-treated patients was observed across VOC periods.

Conclusions: Remdesivir treatment is associated with significantly reduced mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen upon admission, including those requiring HFO/NIV or IMV/ECMO with severe or critical disease, across VOC periods.

Keywords: COVID-19; comparative effectiveness research; hospitalization; mortality; remdesivir.