Gaussian Boson Sampling with Pseudo-Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors and Quantum Computational Advantage

Yu-Hao Deng; Yi-Chao Gu; Hua-Liang Liu; Si-Qiu Gong; Hao Su; Zhi-Jiong Zhang; Hao-Yang Tang; Meng-Hao Jia; Jia-Min Xu; Ming-Cheng Chen; Jian Qin; Li-Chao Peng; Jiarong Yan; Yi Hu; Jia Huang; Hao Li; Yuxuan Li; Yaojian Chen; Xiao Jiang; Lin Gan; Guangwen Yang; Lixing You; Li Li; Han-Sen Zhong; Hui Wang; Nai-Le Liu; Jelmer J Renema; Chao-Yang Lu; Jian-Wei Pan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.150601

Gaussian Boson Sampling with Pseudo-Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors and Quantum Computational Advantage

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Oct 13;131(15):150601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.150601.

Authors

Yu-Hao Deng^{1

2

3}, Yi-Chao Gu^{1

2

3}, Hua-Liang Liu^{1

2

3}, Si-Qiu Gong^{1

2

3}, Hao Su^{1

2

3}, Zhi-Jiong Zhang^{1

2

3}, Hao-Yang Tang^{1

2

3}, Meng-Hao Jia^{1

2

3}, Jia-Min Xu^{1

2

3}, Ming-Cheng Chen^{1

2

3}, Jian Qin^{1

2

3}, Li-Chao Peng^{1

2

3}, Jiarong Yan^{1

2

3}, Yi Hu^{1

2

3}, Jia Huang⁴, Hao Li⁴, Yuxuan Li⁵, Yaojian Chen⁵, Xiao Jiang^{1

2

3}, Lin Gan⁵, Guangwen Yang⁵, Lixing You⁴, Li Li^{1

2

3}, Han-Sen Zhong^{1

2

3}, Hui Wang^{1

2

3}, Nai-Le Liu^{1

2

3}, Jelmer J Renema⁶, Chao-Yang Lu^{1

2

3

7}, Jian-Wei Pan^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
² CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.
³ Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
⁵ Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
⁶ Adaptive Quantum Optics Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
⁷ New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China.

PMID: 37897783
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.150601

Abstract

We report new Gaussian boson sampling experiments with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detection, which register up to 255 photon-click events. We consider partial photon distinguishability and develop a more complete model for the characterization of the noisy Gaussian boson sampling. In the quantum computational advantage regime, we use Bayesian tests and correlation function analysis to validate the samples against all current classical spoofing mockups. Estimating with the best classical algorithms to date, generating a single ideal sample from the same distribution on the supercomputer Frontier would take ∼600 yr using exact methods, whereas our quantum computer, Jiǔzhāng 3.0, takes only 1.27 μs to produce a sample. Generating the hardest sample from the experiment using an exact algorithm would take Frontier∼3.1×10^{10} yr.