A complex pathophysiological mechanism is involved in brain injury following cerebral infarction. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of neurons, endothelial cells, pericyte, astrocyte, microglia and extracellular matrix, etc. The dyshomeostasis of NVU directly participates in the regulation of inflammatory immune process. The components of NVU promote inflammatory overreaction and synergize with the overactivation of autonomic nervous system to initiate stroke-induced immunodepression (SIID). SIID can alleviate the damage caused by inflammation, however, it also makes stroke patients more susceptible to infection, leading to systemic damage. This article reviews the mechanism of SIID and the roles of NVU in SIID, to provide a perspective for reperfusion, prognosis and immunomodulatory therapy of cerebral infarction.
脑梗死的脑损伤涉及复杂的病理生理机制。神经血管单元包括神经元、内皮细胞、周细胞、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和细胞外基质，其失稳态直接参与了炎症免疫调节过程。神经血管单元各组分促使炎症过度反应协同自主神经系统过度激活来启动脑卒中诱导的免疫抑制（SIID），又以抗炎表型参与免疫抑制进展。SIID虽能缓解炎症导致的损伤，但同时导致脑卒中患者更易受到感染，导致全身性损伤而恶化病情。本文综述了SIID发生机制，神经血管单元重要组成细胞及其他相关免疫因素在其中的作用，以期为脑梗死的再通、预后及免疫调节治疗研究提供新的角度。.
Keywords: Cerebral infarction; Immunosuppression; Neurovascular unit; Review.