Improving access to safe, quality surgical care for gynecologic cancers through capacity-building interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Background: Following the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A well-integrated surgical system is critical to treat cervical cancer. Two major approaches have been employed to build human capacity: task-sharing and training of gynecologic oncologists (GynOncs).

Objectives: This review aimed to explore existing literature on capacity-building for surgical management of early-stage gynecologic cancers.

Search strategy: The search strategy was registered on Open Science Framework (doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTRCB) and conducted on OVID Medline, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science. Search results were exported and screened in COVIDENCE.

Selection criteria: Studies published in English, Spanish, French, and/or Portuguese conducted in LMIC settings evaluating capacity building, task-sharing, or outcomes following operation by subspecialists compared to specialists were included.

Data collection and analysis: Results were synthesized using narrative synthesis approach with emergence of key themes by frequency.

Main results: The scoping review identified 18 studies spanning our themes of interest: capacity building, subspecialized versus non-subspecialized care, and task-shifting/-sharing.

Conclusions: A multilayered approach is critical to achieve the WHO Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer. Capacity-building and task-sharing programs demonstrate encouraging results to meet this need; nevertheless, a standardized methodology is needed to evaluate these programs, their outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.