Prognostic factors of open-globe injuries: A review

Sze Ing Tan; Annette K Hoskin; Anadi Khatri; Vivek P Dave; Sushank Bhalerao; Jose Romero; Rupesh Agrawal

doi:10.4103/IJO.IJO_1496_23

Prognostic factors of open-globe injuries: A review

Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Dec 1;71(12):3587-3594. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1496_23. Epub 2023 Nov 20.

Authors

Sze Ing Tan¹, Annette K Hoskin^{2

3}, Anadi Khatri^{4

5}, Vivek P Dave⁶, Sushank Bhalerao⁷, Jose Romero⁸, Rupesh Agrawal^{1

9

10

11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
² Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia.
³ Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Birat Aankha Aspatal, Biratnagar, Nepal.
⁵ Department of Opthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA.
⁶ Department of Ocular Immunology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
⁷ Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, Kode Venkatadri Chowdary Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
⁸ Department of Ocular Trauma, Unidad Nacional de Oftalmologia de Guatemala, Guatemala, USA.
⁹ National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
¹⁰ Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
¹¹ Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
¹² Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Abstract

Open-globe injuries (OGI) can lead to significant visual impairment. The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) is the most widely recognized tool for predicting visual outcomes. This review aimed to identify prognostic factors and assess the effectiveness of the OTS in predicting visual outcomes. Twenty-one articles published on PubMed and Google Scholar were analyzed. Initial visual acuity and the zone of injury were found to be the most significant prognostic factors for OGI. Other significant prognostic factors include retinal detachment/involvement, relative afferent pupillary defect, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous prolapse, type of injury, hyphema, lens involvement, and duration from incidence of OGI to vitrectomy. Of the 21 studies evaluated, 11 investigated the effectiveness of OTS. Four studies concluded that OTS was effective overall, while six studies suggested that it was only useful in certain OGI categories. Thus, there is a need for further research to develop an optimized ocular trauma prognosticating system.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Eye Injuries* / complications
Eye Injuries* / diagnosis
Eye Injuries* / epidemiology
Eye Injuries, Penetrating* / diagnosis
Eye Injuries, Penetrating* / epidemiology
Eye Injuries, Penetrating* / surgery
Humans
Prognosis
Retinal Detachment*
Retrospective Studies
Trauma Severity Indices
Visual Acuity