Thinking (Metastasis) outside the (Primary Tumor) Box

Cancers (Basel). 2023 Nov 7;15(22):5315. doi: 10.3390/cancers15225315.

Zhe Jiang¹, Young-Jun Ju¹, Amjad Ali¹, Philip E D Chung^{1

2}, Dong-Yu Wang¹, Jeff C Liu³, Huiqin Li¹, Ioulia Vorobieva^{1

2}, Ethel Mwewa¹, Ronak Ghanbari-Azarnier^{1

2}, Mariusz Shrestha^{1

2}, Yaacov Ben-David^{4

5}, Eldad Zacksenhaus^{1

2

6}

¹ Toronto General Research Institute-University Health Network, 101 College Street, Max Bell Research Centre, Suite 5R406, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
² Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
³ The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
⁴ State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
⁵ The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.

Abstract

The metastasis of tumor cells into vital organs is a major cause of death from diverse types of malignancies [...].