Immune compromise in patients with Down syndrome. A case series

Arch Argent Pediatr. 2024 Jun 1;122(3):e202310063. doi: 10.5546/aap.2023-10063.eng. Epub 2023 Dec 7.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, has a higher mortality than the general population, mainly due to respiratory tract infections. The objective of this study was to describe immune compromise in a series of cases of patients with Down syndrome referred to the Pediatric Immunology Section due to recurrent infections or pathological laboratory findings between 6/1/2016 and 5/31/2022. Here we describe immune compromise in 24 patients. Twelve patients failed to develop a polysaccharide response and received antibiotic chemoprophylaxis, or gamma globulin replacement therapy. Three patients developed agammaglobulinemia with presence of B cells and gamma globulin replacement therapy was indicated. Nine patients had T-cell lymphopenia and 1 patient, combined immune compromise.

El síndrome de Down, o trisomía 21, tiene una mortalidad mayor que la población general, debido principalmente a infecciones respiratorias. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el compromiso inmunológico en una serie de casos de pacientes con síndrome de Down derivados a Inmunología por infecciones recurrentes o por hallazgo patológico de laboratorio, entre el 1 de junio de 2016 y el 31 de mayo de 2022. Se describe el compromiso de la inmunidad en 24 pacientes. Doce pacientes presentaron falla de respuesta a polisacáridos y recibieron quimioprofilaxis antibiótica y/o gammaglobulina sustitutiva. En 3 pacientes, se observó agammaglobulinemia con linfocitos B presentes y se indicó gammaglobulina sustitutiva. En 9 pacientes, se observó linfopenia T y en 1 paciente, compromiso inmune combinado.

Keywords: Down syndrome; hypogammaglobulinemia; immune system diseases; recurrent infections; trisomy 21.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Child
  • Down Syndrome* / complications
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use
  • Respiratory Tract Infections*
  • gamma-Globulins

Substances

  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • gamma-Globulins