Complications of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Acad Radiol. 2024 Jul;31(7):2987-3003. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.020. Epub 2023 Dec 12.

Abstract

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative treatment option for early Hepatocellular carcinoma. The RFA is considered safe with a relatively low incidence of complications ranging from 2%-7.9%. Though most of the complications are self-limiting, sometimes they can be life-threatening. The occurrence of the particular complication depends on various factors like tumour location and morphology, underlying disease and ablation technique. A detailed understanding of potential complications along with the associated risk factors will help to employ strategies to prevent them, identify them early and manage them when they occur. This article demonstrates various radiofrequency ablation-related complications and discusses the risk factors and technical strategies to minimise them and achieve complete ablation of the tumour.

Keywords: Bleeding; Complication; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver; Radiofrequency ablation; Recurrence.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / diagnostic imaging
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / surgery
  • Catheter Ablation / adverse effects
  • Catheter Ablation / methods
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Liver Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Postoperative Complications* / diagnostic imaging
  • Postoperative Complications* / etiology
  • Radiofrequency Ablation* / adverse effects
  • Radiofrequency Ablation* / methods
  • Risk Factors
  • Treatment Outcome