Properties and Curing Kinetics of a Processable Binary Benzoxazine Blend

Yue Tang; Henry E Symons; Pierangelo Gobbo; Jeroen Sebastiaan Van Duijneveldt; Ian Hamerton; Sébastien Rochat

doi:10.1021/acsapm.3c02221

Properties and Curing Kinetics of a Processable Binary Benzoxazine Blend

ACS Appl Polym Mater. 2023 Nov 15;5(12):10404-10415. doi: 10.1021/acsapm.3c02221. eCollection 2023 Dec 8.

Authors

Yue Tang¹, Henry E Symons¹, Pierangelo Gobbo^{1

2}, Jeroen Sebastiaan Van Duijneveldt¹, Ian Hamerton³, Sébastien Rochat^{1

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
² Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
³ Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
⁴ School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Ada Lovelace Building, Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TW, U.K.

Abstract

A benzoxazine system is presented combining liquid cardanol-based benzoxazine (CA-a) and an effective initiator (3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, TDA) to bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BA-a). The resultant mixture of monomeric precursors shows excellent fluidity and a relatively low peak polymerization temperature of around 200 °C. Moreover, the cured polybenzoxazine displays a high thermal decomposition temperature (T_d,5% > 330 °C), a moderately high glass transition temperature (∼148 °C), and robust mechanical strength (storage modulus ∼ 2.8 GPa) comparable to those of the polybenzoxazine homopolymer obtained by curing BA-a. A comprehensive investigation into the microstructure and curing kinetics has also been conducted on the system, offering an extensive background for future studies.