Spirochetosis Mimicking Acute Appendicitis: Clinical Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Intestinal spirochetosis is sometimes found by chance in histological specimen of routine endoscopies. There are only a few cases described in the literature that spirochetosis of the appendix was mimicking acute appendicitis. We present a case of pseudoappendicitis with the histological finding of spirochetes and review the current literature.

Case presentation: A 72-year-old woman presented with pain of the lower right abdomen and previous systemic corticoid therapy. In clinical examination, there was a tenderness and pain in the right lower quadrant, and inflammation values were elevated. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed no obvious inflammation of the appendix. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed and revealed a macroscopically uninflamed appendix which was removed. Histology revealed spirochetosis of the appendix but no typical signs of appendicitis. The patient was treated with antibiotics for 5 days and was discharged without abdominal pain. In a clinical control 6 weeks later, the abdominal pain had disappeared and the patient was in good clinical condition.

Discussion: Intestinal spirochetosis is randomly found in histological specimen during routine endoscopies, even in asymptomatic patients. There are only a few cases described with spirochetosis of the appendix causing pain and mimicking appendicitis; hence, this entity is an important differential diagnosis of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.