Precisely Control Relationship between Sulfur Vacancy and H Absorption for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Effective and robust catalyst is the core of water splitting to produce hydrogen. Here, we report an anionic etching method to tailor the sulfur vacancy (V_S) of NiS₂ to further enhance the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). With the V_S concentration change from 2.4% to 8.5%, the H* adsorption strength on S sites changed and NiS₂-V_S 5.9% shows the most optimized H* adsorption for HER with an ultralow onset potential (68 mV) and has long-term stability for 100 h in 1 M KOH media. In situ attenuated-total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIRS) measurements are usually used to monitor the adsorption of intermediates. The S- H* peak of the NiS₂-V_S 5.9% appears at a very low voltage, which is favorable for the HER in alkaline media. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate the NiS₂-V_S 5.9% has the optimal |ΔG_H*| of 0.17 eV. This work offers a simple and promising pathway to enhance catalytic activity via precise vacancies strategy.