Lymphatic endothelial-like cells promote glioblastoma stem cell growth through cytokine-driven cholesterol metabolism

Affiliations

• ¹ University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
• ² Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ³ Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
• ⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
• ⁵ Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
• ⁶ Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ⁹ The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
• ¹² Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ¹³ Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ¹⁵ Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ¹⁶ Division of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
• ¹⁷ Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁸ Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China.
• ¹⁹ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ²⁰ State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
• ²¹ Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
• ²² Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ²³ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
• ²⁴ University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
• ²⁵ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ²⁶ Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ²⁷ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China. [email protected].
• ²⁸ University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. [email protected].
• ²⁹ Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. [email protected].