The effect of three dental cement types on the corrosion of dental implant surfaces

Mostafa Alhamad; Valentim A R Barão; Cortino Sukotjo; Mathew T Mathew

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23626

The effect of three dental cement types on the corrosion of dental implant surfaces

Heliyon. 2023 Dec 16;10(1):e23626. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23626. eCollection 2024 Jan 15.

Authors

Mostafa Alhamad¹, Valentim A R Barão², Cortino Sukotjo³, Mathew T Mathew³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
³ Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Abstract

Statement of problem: One of the main challenges facing dental implant success is peri-implantitis. Recent evidence indicates that titanium (Ti) corrosion products and undetected-residual cement are potential risk factors for peri-implantitis. The literature on the impact of various types of dental cement on Ti corrosion is very limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the influence of dental cement on Ti corrosion as a function of cement amount and type.

Materials and methods: Thirty commercially pure Ti grade 4 discs (19 × 7mm) were polished to mirror-shine (Ra ≈ 40 nm). Samples were divided into 10 groups (n = 3) as a cement type and amount function. The groups were no-cement as control, TempBond NE (TB3mm, TB5mm, and TB8mm), FujiCEM-II (FC3mm, FC5mm, and FC8mm), and Panavia-F-2.0 (PC3mm, PC5mm, and PC8mm). Tafel's method estimated corrosion rate (i_corr) and corresponding potential (E_corr) from potentiodynamic curves. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data was utilized to obtain Nyquist and Bode plots. An equivalent electrical circuit estimated polarization resistance (R_p) and double-layer capacitance (C_dl). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis was conducted to analyze the electrolyte solution after corrosion. pH measurements of the electrolyte were recorded before and after corrosion tests. Finally, the corroded surface was characterized by a 3D white-light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using either one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Post Hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test based on data distribution.

Results: Based on cement amount, FC and PC significantly increased i_corr in higher amounts (FC8mm-i_corr = 8.22 × 10^-8A/cm², PC8mm-i_corr = 5.61 × 10^-8A/cm²) compared to control (3.35 × 10^-8A/cm²). In contrast, TB3mm decreased i_corr significantly compared to the control. As a function of cement type, FC increased i_corr the most. EIS data agrees with these observations. Finally, corroded surfaces had higher surface roughness (Ra) compared to non-corroded surfaces.

Conclusion: The study indicated that cement types FC and PC led to increased Ti-corrosion as a function of a higher amount. Hence, the implant stability could be impacted by the selection, excessive cement, and a potentially increased risk of peri-implantitis.

Keywords: Corrosion; Dental cement; Peri-implantitis; Titanium.