Downhill running increases markers of muscle damage and impairs the maximal voluntary force production as well as the late phase of the rate of voluntary force development

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Jun;124(6):1875-1883. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05412-z. Epub 2024 Jan 10.

Abstract

Purpose: To examined the time-course of the early and late phase of the rate of voluntary force development (RVFD) and muscle damage markers after downhill running.

Methods: Ten recreational runners performed a 30-min downhill run at 10 km h-1 and -20% (-11.3°) on a motorized treadmill. At baseline and each day up to 4 days RVFD, knee extensors maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIC), serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration, quadriceps swelling, and soreness were assessed. The early (0-50 ms) and late (100-200 ms) phase of the RVFD, as well as the force developed at 50 and 200 ms, were also determined.

Results: MVIC showed moderate decrements (p < 0.05) and recovered after 4 days (p > 0.05). Force at 50 ms and the early phase were not impaired (p > 0.05). Conversely, force at 200 ms and the late phase showed moderate decrements (p < 0.05) and recovered after 3 and 4 days, respectively (p > 0.05). CK concentration, quadriceps swelling, and soreness increased (p < 0.05) were overall fully resolved after 4 days (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Downhill running affected the knee extensors RVFD late but not early phase. The RVFD late phase may be used as an additional marker of muscle damage in trail running.

Keywords: Creatine kinase; Delayed onset muscle soreness; Eccentric; Maximum voluntary contraction; Muscle swelling; Musculoskeletal; Quadriceps; Trail running.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Creatine Kinase* / blood
  • Humans
  • Isometric Contraction / physiology
  • Male
  • Muscle Strength / physiology
  • Muscle, Skeletal / injuries
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology
  • Myalgia* / physiopathology
  • Quadriceps Muscle / metabolism
  • Quadriceps Muscle / physiology
  • Quadriceps Muscle / physiopathology
  • Running* / physiology

Substances

  • Creatine Kinase
  • Biomarkers