Microwave-assisted synthesis and development of novel penicillinoate@copper metal-organic frameworks as a potent antibacterial agent

Adnan Hashim Abdulkadhim; Suhair Mohammad Husein Kamona; Haider Falih Shamikh Al-Saedi; Anmar Ghanim Taki; Abdul-Hameed M Hamoody; Sarah A Hamood; Safia Obaidur Rab; Ahmed Ali Amir; Ashwaq Talib Kareem; Ahmed Alawadi; Ali Ihsan

doi:10.3389/fchem.2023.1331933

Microwave-assisted synthesis and development of novel penicillinoate@copper metal-organic frameworks as a potent antibacterial agent

Front Chem. 2024 Jan 11:11:1331933. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1331933. eCollection 2023.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
² Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Radiology and Sonar Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁷ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁹ Department of Medical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.
¹⁰ College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
¹¹ College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq.
¹² College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
¹³ Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.

Abstract

Recently, nanoscience, especially metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has been used to increase the effectiveness and properties of drugs. In this study, by using microwave irradiation; penicillin, which is a known antibiotic; and copper metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs), a new penicillinoate@copper metal-organic framework (penicillinoate@Cu-MOF) was synthesized. The structure and characterization of the newly synthesized compound were determined using FT-IR spectrums, EDAX analysis, elemental analysis, XRD patterns, SEM images, nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves, and TGA curve. Then, its antimicrobial effects were evaluated on numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and were compared with those of penicillin and gentamicin. In continuation of the biological activities, antioxidant tests were performed on the compounds using the DPPH method. For biological activities, the synthesized penicillinoate@Cu-MOF is much more effective than penicillin and Cu-MOF. The loading of penicillin on the nanostructure and the presence of copper in the final composition can be attributed to the high antibiotic properties of the synthesized composition.

Keywords: Gram-negative bacterial strains; Gram-positive bacterial strains; copper metal–organic framework; microwave irradiation; penicillin.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors express their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the Large Research Group Project under grant number RGP.02/557/44.