Anterior approach for a stab wound with penetrating rebar injury causing incomplete cauda equina syndrome in lumbosacral spine lesion: a case report and literature review

Eur Spine J. 2024 Jul;33(7):2870-2877. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-08125-1. Epub 2024 Jan 29.

Abstract

Purpose: To report a unique case of incomplete CES following a rebar penetrating injury in perineal region with retro-pulsed fragment, which was treated with anterior approach and discuss suitable surgical approach.

Methods: Incomplete cauda equina syndrome caused by non-missile penetrating injury is extremely rare. A 26-year-old male patient presented incomplete cauda equina syndrome due to a penetrating rebar wound from his perineal region to the lumbosacral spine. Computed tomography demonstrated a bony fragment broken from S1 body compressing into the spinal canal.

Results: By anterior approach, we performed partial corpectomy of L5, decompression by retrieving the bony fragment and L5-S1 interbody fusion. The patient had a significant recovery, and no clinical complication was found after over 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion: It is challenging to determine the optimal strategy of surgical treatment for penetrating spinal injuries with retained foreign bodies, here we suggest an anterior approach situation that has the advantage of being able to effectively perform decompression and prevent iatrogenic damages of thecal sac and nerve rootlets.

Keywords: Anterior approach; Incomplete cauda equina syndrome; Lumbosacral spine trauma; Penetrating injury; Stab wound.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cauda Equina Syndrome* / etiology
  • Cauda Equina Syndrome* / surgery
  • Decompression, Surgical / methods
  • Humans
  • Lumbar Vertebrae* / diagnostic imaging
  • Lumbar Vertebrae* / injuries
  • Lumbar Vertebrae* / surgery
  • Male
  • Spinal Fusion / methods
  • Spinal Injuries / complications
  • Spinal Injuries / diagnostic imaging
  • Spinal Injuries / surgery
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Wounds, Penetrating / complications
  • Wounds, Penetrating / diagnostic imaging
  • Wounds, Penetrating / surgery
  • Wounds, Stab* / complications
  • Wounds, Stab* / diagnostic imaging
  • Wounds, Stab* / surgery