Gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender women and risk of prostate cancer: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Urology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ² Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
• ³ Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
• ⁴ Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
• ⁵ Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
• ⁶ Department of Urology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA. [email protected].
• ⁷ Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.