Micronized/ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide improves depression and fatigue in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors

Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2024 Nov 1;39(6):361-368. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000537. Epub 2024 Feb 22.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to neuropsychiatric sequelae. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective amide used in depressive syndromes. Here we investigate whether micronized/ultramicronized (m/um) PEA improves neuropsychiatric sequelae in COVID-19 survivors. Patients evaluated at our post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic between February and August 2021 and presenting neuropsychiatric manifestations ( n = 98) were offered treatment with m/umPEA 600 mg twice daily for 3 months. Those accepting m/umPEA therapy ( n = 57) were compared with those who did not ( n = 41), in terms of depression, fatigue, chronic pain and subjective well-being, through validated scales administered pre- and posttreatment. The two groups did not differ in terms of demographics, comorbidities, psychiatric history, antidepressant therapy, acute COVID-19 severity and baseline neuropsychiatric status. Patients receiving m/umPEA showed a greater improvement in depression and fatigue (both P < 0.05). Conversely, no association was found with changes in chronic pain or subjective well-being. At multivariable logistic regression, m/umPEA predicted neuropsychiatric improvement independently of age, sex and baseline neuropsychiatric status. Worse pretreatment fatigue and subjective well-being identified those who most likely benefited from treatment. In conclusion, despite its retrospective nature, our study suggests that m/umPEA may improve depression and fatigue in COVID-19 survivors, justifying future research in this setting.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04318366.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Amides* / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment*
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • COVID-19* / psychology
  • Depression* / drug therapy
  • Ethanolamines* / administration & dosage
  • Ethanolamines* / therapeutic use
  • Fatigue* / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Palmitic Acids* / administration & dosage
  • Palmitic Acids* / therapeutic use
  • SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
  • Survivors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • palmidrol
  • Palmitic Acids
  • Amides
  • Ethanolamines

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04318366