Current concepts in the use of cell salvage in obstetrics

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2024 Jun 1;37(3):213-218. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001337. Epub 2024 Mar 12.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The worldwide leading cause of maternal death is severe maternal hemorrhage. Maternal hemorrhage can be profound leading to an entire loss of blood volume. In the past two decades, Patient Blood Management has evolved to improve patient's care and safety. In surgeries with increased blood loss exceeding 500 ml, the use of cell salvage is strongly recommended in order to preserve the patient's own blood volume and to minimize the need for allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. In this review, recent evidence and controversies of the use of cell salvage in obstetrics are discussed.

Recent findings: Numerous medical societies as well as national and international guidelines recommend the use of cell salvage during maternal hemorrhage.

Summary: Intraoperative cell salvage is a strategy to maintain the patient's own blood volume and decrease the need for allogeneic RBC transfusion. Historically, cell salvage has been avoided in the obstetric population due to concerns of iatrogenic amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) or induction of maternal alloimmunization. However, no definite case of AFE has been reported so far. Cell salvage is strongly recommended and cost-effective in patients with predictably high rates of blood loss and RBC transfusion, such as women with placenta accreta spectrum disorder. However, in order to ensure sufficient practical experience in a multiprofessional obstetric setting, liberal use of cell salvage appears advisable.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Blood Loss, Surgical / prevention & control
  • Blood Transfusion, Autologous / adverse effects
  • Blood Transfusion, Autologous / methods
  • Blood Transfusion, Autologous / standards
  • Embolism, Amniotic Fluid / diagnosis
  • Embolism, Amniotic Fluid / therapy
  • Erythrocyte Transfusion / adverse effects
  • Erythrocyte Transfusion / methods
  • Erythrocyte Transfusion / standards
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Obstetrics / methods
  • Obstetrics / standards
  • Obstetrics / trends
  • Operative Blood Salvage* / adverse effects
  • Operative Blood Salvage* / methods
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage / therapy
  • Pregnancy